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The purpose of this research is to analyze students’ improvement in thermodynamics concepts after using three sets of developed recitation program. Recitation program consists of the equation of ideal gas, The First Law of Thermodynamic and The Second Law of Thermodynamic. The subjects consisted of 21 undergraduate students who enrolling fundamental physics course. The results showed that the recitation program improved the mastery of the thermodynamic concepts with   t (20) = 9.4, p = 0.000, d = 2.51 and N-gain 0.365. This program made students effectively constructing P-V diagrams and understanding the relationship of the average kinetic energy of each particle with temperature. However, this recitation program needs to be improved in the concept of determining work total and heat total in cyclic processes

conceptual understanding, program recitation, thermodynamics