Self-efficacy is one of the factors driving the success of student learning.This research is motivated by the fact that student’s self-efficacy is still low. Students often feel anxious, cannot plan and make a decision, especiallyin biology learning, and quickly give up when getting a difficult task. This study aims at analyzing the effectiveness of Ethnoecology Learning Program (EL Program) to improve student’s self-efficacy. The participants of this study were 140 students consisting of students of Biology Education and Biology Programs in University of Mataram and IKIP Mataram. The method used in this research is pre-experimental withquantitative approach. The effectiveness of EL Program was measured by using observation sheet and self-efficacy questionnaire emphasized on indicators of mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and psychological affective. Self-efficacy data was converted into interval data and analyzed using t-test and n-gain calculations. The result of this research showed that EL Program was effective to improve student’s self-efficacy in terms of (1) there was a significant increase in student’s self-efficacy at a = 5%, (2) n-gain mean was in moderate category, and (3) there was no difference or consistent for 4 groups. Thus, EL Program can be used as an alternative approach for lecturer in overcoming student’s anxiety in biology learning.